Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA, and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037785

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	Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA, and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors
	Sedda, Manuel Arca 1; Seoane, Pau Amaro 2,3,4,5,6; Chen, Xian 4,7
	2021-08-11
发表期刊	ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
ISSN	0004-6361
卷号	652 页码:17
摘要	Context. The next generation of gravitational wave (GW) observatories would enable the detection of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), an elusive type of BH expected to reside in the centres of massive clusters, dwarf galaxies, and possibly the accretion discs of active galactic nuclei. Intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (IMRIs), which are composed of an IMBH and a compact stellar object, constitute one promising source of GWs detectable by this new generation of instruments. Aims. We study the formation and evolution of IMRIs triggered by interactions between two stellar BHs and an IMBH inhabiting the centre of a dense star cluster, with the aim of placing constraints on the formation rate and detectability of IMRIs. Methods. We exploit direct N-body models varying the IMBH mass, the stellar BH mass spectrum, and the star cluster properties. Our simulations take into account the host cluster gravitational field and general relativistic effects via post-Newtonian terms up to order 2.5. These simulations are coupled with a semi-analytic procedure to characterise the evolution of the remnant IMBH after the IMRI phase. Results. Generally, the IMRI formation probability attains values of similar to 5-50%, with larger values corresponding to larger IMBH masses. Merging IMRIs tend to map out the stellar BH mass spectrum, suggesting that IMRIs could be used to unravel the role of dynamics in shaping BH populations in star clusters harbouring an IMBH. After the IMRI phase, an initially almost maximal(almost non-rotating) IMBH tends to significantly decrease(increase) its spin. Under the assumption that IMBHs grow mostly via repeated IMRIs, we show that only sufficiently massive (M-seed > 300 M-circle dot) IMBH seeds can grow up to M-IMBH > 10(3) M-circle dot in dense globular clusters (GCs). Assuming that these seeds form at a redshift of z similar to 2-6, we find that around 1-5% of them would reach typical masses of similar to 500 1500 M-circle dot at redshift z = 0 and would exhibit low spins, generally S (IMBH) < 0.2. Measuring the mass and spin of IMBHs involved in IMRIs could help to unravel their formation mechanism. We show that LISA can detect IMBHs in Milky Way GCs with a signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 10-100, or in the Large Magellanic Cloud, for which we get a S/N = 8-40. More generally, we provide the IMRI merger rate for different detectors, namely LIGO (Gamma(LIGO) = 0.003-1.6 yr(-1)), LISA (Gamma(LISA) = 0.02-60 yr(-1)), ET (Gamma(ET) = 1-600 yr(-1)), and DECIGO (Gamma(DECIGO) = 6-3000 yr(-1)). Conclusions. Our simulations explore one possible channel for IMBH growth, namely via merging with stellar BHs in dense clusters. We find that the mass and spin of the IMRI components and the merger remnant encode crucial information about the mechanisms that regulate IMBH formation. Our analysis suggests that the future synergy among GW detectors will enable us to fully unravel IMBH formation and evolution.
关键词	black hole physics gravitational waves globular clusters: general Galaxy: general
DOI	10.1051/0004-6361/202037785
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Volkswagen Foundation Trilateral Partnership project[I/97778] ; German Research Foundation (DFG)[Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 881] ; German Research Foundation (DFG)[138713538] ; German Research Foundation (DFG)[INST 35/1134-1 FUGG] ; Ramon y Cajal Programme of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain ; National Key R&D Program of China[2016YFA0400702] ; National Science Foundation of China[11873022] ; National Science Foundation of China[11991053] ; COST Action GWverse[CA16104] ; Volkswagen Foundation[I84678/84680] ; state of Baden-Wurttemberg through bwHPC
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS类目	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS记录号	WOS:000683963000013
出版者	EDP SCIENCES S A
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.amss.ac.cn/handle/2S8OKBNM/59090
专题	中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院
通讯作者	Sedda, Manuel Arca
作者单位	1.Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rech Inst, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany 2.Univ Politecn Valencia, IGIC, Valencia 46022, Spain 3.DESY, Zeuthen, Germany 4.Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Inst Appl Math, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China 6.TU Berlin, Zentrum Astron & Astrophys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany 7.Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Astron Dept, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sedda, Manuel Arca,Seoane, Pau Amaro,Chen, Xian. Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA, and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2021,652:17.
APA	Sedda, Manuel Arca,Seoane, Pau Amaro,&Chen, Xian.(2021).Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA, and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,652,17.
MLA	Sedda, Manuel Arca,et al."Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA, and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 652(2021):17.